Pricing Model Dissemination: Trust Chain and Real-World Asset (RWA) Attention

By: blockbeats|2025/03/11 21:15:01
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Original Title: "【Open Source Scythe Open Rug 25 - Dissemination Pricing Model: Chain of Suspicion and Real World Attention (RWA)】"
Original Author: Cryptovagabond, Crypto KOL

Imagine you and your comrades standing within the blast radius of a nuclear bomb. In the instant of the explosion, some are vaporized, some are blown apart, some are reduced to charred human shapes, some are severely burned, and some are left blind with skin burns.

Sound terrifying?

Now, try to replace the nuclear bomb with the launch and dissemination path of a new coin:

Some enter at presale, instantly 1000x; some 10x; some double their investment; some hodl at the peak, becoming victims in the next chapter.

How many people have you seen cursing $Libra and $TRUMP while urging Kanye to launch a coin? Why do they, knowing they might get rugged, still insist on chasing after it?

They are not stupid, nor are they simply in love with losing money. It is the law of dissemination at work. This set of rules applies not only to Crypto but also to all arbitrage games of information in the real world. Let's delve into it.

Positive Chain of Suspicion - How to Create FOMO

I'm not sure how many of my readers have an elementary school education or a Ph.D., but I'll assume everyone has read "The Three-Body Problem." In the world of "The Three-Body Problem," there is an important fundamental theorem—the Chain of Suspicion:

"I do not know if you harbor goodwill; I also do not know if you believe you harbor goodwill; nor can I assume that you believe I harbor goodwill."

In this "dark forest" scenario, civilizations cannot communicate to confirm each other's intentions, nor can they choose to remain silent and let the other side grow strong. Therefore, the only optimal solution is to strike first and destroy the other party directly.

Pricing Model Dissemination: Trust Chain and Real-World Asset (RWA) Attention

This is the ultimate PvP prisoner's dilemma, where all actions inevitably lead to an outcome of "ensuring destruction."

Liu Cixin's constructed scenario is a confrontation between cosmic civilizations, while in the Crypto trading market, we can reverse-engineer a similar "dark forest zero-sum deadlock": FOMO (Fear of Missing Out)

FOMO Trading's "Positive Chain of Suspicion"

In a market FOMO state, the market forms an inevitable buying force, and we can break down three logic chains similar to a "chain of suspicion":

1. Eliminate the Possibility of Communication

The market trend changes extremely quickly, and individuals have almost no time for sufficient communication and rational analysis before making a decision. In other words, the market does not allow for a "civilized" sit-down discussion.

2. Create a "Zero-Sum Expectation" with as Many People's Consensus as Possible

Here, the "perspective" refers to the investment logic of an event. For example, the profit of early buyers is inevitably at the expense of the opportunity cost of later buyers. All market rational participants are clear on this point. When everyone knows that "those who buy later will surely lose," the market will form a consensus that "buying first is a must."

3. Create an Unbearable Opportunity Cost

The reason why FOMO is effective is that the cost of missing out is too high. Watching others get rich quickly because of an event while hesitating to participate will lead to great psychological torment, even causing devastating mental and physical harm. Ultimately, the majority of people in the market will be forced to choose to buy in, even going all-in.

These three factors work together to form a "positive chain of suspicion" in a FOMO state. Its "positivity" lies in: it prompts market participants to take the "buy-in" action that aligns with the intended design and is inevitable.

Case Study: Market Sentiment on $TRUMP Launch Day

Taking the example of the $TRUMP token issuance day, this is how the "positive chain of suspicion" drove the market:

When the news of Trump's coin release came out, the market immediately surged, with the market cap skyrocketing. Although some doubted the truth of the news, the market's reaction was so fast that there was no time to verify.

After a simple verification confirmed that it was not a hacked account, the market concluded: "External funds will definitely buy," which is an irreversible transaction logic (perspective).

Having the President himself launch a coin at this level of event is extremely rare, and missing out would be a historic loss. The market consensus is: "If you miss out, not only will you lose money, but you will also be ridiculed by group members for a lifetime."

Therefore, the vast majority of people in the market have no choice but to buy in, even going all-in.

Factors Determining FOMO Trading Intensity

So, how strong is the FOMO effect of an event? It mainly depends on the following three factors:

· Speed of Trend Formation

The faster the market reacts, the less time individuals have for communication and analysis, making their trading behavior closer to instinctual responses.

· Degree of Consensus on the Logic (Angle) of FOMO Trading

Is this "angle" widely accepted by the majority of the market participants? The wider the consensus, the stronger the FOMO effect.

· Rarity and Non-replicability of the Event Itself

The more unique and irreplicable an event is, the stronger the market's perception of "missing out" will be, thus driving stronger FOMO buying behavior.

· Financial Strength of the Crowd

This is the variable that most people overlook—if the primary group spreading FOMO does not have enough funds, the price will quickly collapse.

Dissemination Pricing Model - Making FOMO Measurable

Greatness cannot be planned, but FOMO can.

In the crypto market, FOMO is a market sentiment that can be engineered, shaped, and even quantified. While "greatness" cannot be planned, the creation of FOMO can be traced.

If you want to create FOMO, among the three key elements mentioned earlier, the easiest to control is the first one (trend speed). This is because the initial pump and momentum building in the market are controllable by the project team. The second point (market consensus on the narrative angle) involves finding the market's accepted "high-price" narrative and leveraging the market's cognitive lag (i.e., information spillover leading to lower pricing).

As for the third point (event rarity and non-replicability), this is the most challenging to artificially manipulate. Anything that can be planned is fundamentally no longer scarce and is easily replicable. However, opportunities still exist in the market—if one can exploit the differences in market participants' perceptions of scarcity, they can create FOMO through a "price differential."

Case Study: The FOMO Evolution of Crypto AI Narrative (November 2024 - February 2025)

A typical example is the rapid rise and fall of the Crypto AI narrative. This cycle roughly went through the following stages:

Manufacturing information asymmetry to prevent traders from communicating: VC firms and backroom groups utilized Meme coins as a vehicle to rapidly drive up market hype, creating a liquidity squeeze that forced traders to passively follow along without enough time for rational discourse. If a form other than memecoin, such as mining rig yield farming, had been utilized, this narrative would not have been able to FOMO.

Utilizing cognitive stratification differences to establish a "zero-sum perspective" narrative targeting the audience from AI domain professionals to generalist AI-is-the-future Crypto investors, further expanding to encompass everyday traders who may not truly understand AI but recognize it as a trend.

Due to the high cognitive barrier of the AI topic outside the Crypto sphere, many in the market could only FOMO invest based on the intuition that "industry titans are pushing the AI race."

High replicability leading to narrative cooling: AI, as a technology, has extremely high replicability and lacks long-term scarcity.

This also explains why the AI narrative lasted only about 3 months and then, as traditional AI projects like Deepseek went mainstream, leveled the market's cognitive gap, with a plethora of similar AI trading agents emerging, causing the narrative FOMO to dissipate.

Propagating Pricing Mathematical Model

Based on this, we can abstract a narrative's propagating pricing mathematical model, where the core is the propagating pricing P(d) changing with the propagation distance d, to simulate how a narrative/event/project transitions from being ignored to being hyped, from being sought after to being disregarded, given that I graduated with a specialized degree, thanks to ChatGPT. If you're also illiterate like me, feel free to skip directly to the TL;DR section:

Where:

P0: Initial pricing at the event propagation origin (usually the highest)

e^(-βd): Trust decay factor, controlling FOMO intensity (rate at which market trust diminishes)

Sγ: Event scarcity (the rarer, the slower the pricing descends)

e−Rd: Replicability of the Event (the easier to replicate, the faster the price drops)

A(d): Event Attractiveness to Different Groups

V(d): Audience Value, measuring the financial strength available to different audiences in the pricing process

Core Variables Explanation

1. Trust Decay Factor e−βd

As the propagation distance d increases, the market's trust in the event decreases, and FOMO weakens

Impacted by Cognitive Cost C(d): The higher the cognitive cost, the harder the market understands the event, leading to a faster trust decay (β increases)

Low cognitive cost makes the event easier to spread, sustaining FOMO for a longer time (β decreases)

2. Scarcity Factor Sγ

The scarcer the event, the market is willing to maintain a higher price, and FOMO decreases more slowly

If the event is highly scarce (e.g., $TRUMP coin), the narrative pricing can maintain a high level for a certain period

If the event is not scarce (e.g., AI narrative), the market will quickly cool down due to increased supply

3. Replicability Factor e−Rd

If the event is easily replicable, the market's enthusiasm for it will quickly decline

Highly replicable events (e.g., AI tokens): FOMO is short-lived

Low replicability events (e.g., Musk's coin issuance): Narrative pricing decreases more slowly

4. Audience Attractiveness A(d)

Different groups have varying levels of attraction to the event, determining the spread of FOMO

Factors: Event's match with the audience (λ)

Audience's cultural background, market experience, trading habits; the higher λ, the lower the match, the poorer the attractiveness

Can be modeled using a Gaussian distribution:

If the event fails to attract a broader audience, FOMO propagation quickly ends

5. Audience Value A(d)

V(d) represents the financial strength of the audience reached at distance d in the market.

The financial strength of different audiences determines the driving force of FOMO transactions: Early entrants are usually high-capital traders (institutions, whales), with greater price influence. As it spreads to the periphery, it mainly involves retail funds, with diminishing influence.

Assuming the expression follows a Power Law Distribution:

where:

V0 is the initial capital strength at the event propagation origin (e.g., VC, whale)

δ is the capital distribution decay factor, controlling the direction of market capital flow:

- Small δ (smooth capital flow): The peripheral crowd still holds relatively strong capital strength

- Large δ (rapid capital decay): The peripheral crowd consists mainly of small retail investors, and FOMO is difficult to sustain

Impact of Crowd Value:

If V(d) declines too rapidly, meaning the peripheral crowd consists of small capital holders, even if FOMO spreads, the trading impact will not be strong, leading to insufficient price support.

If V(d) declines slowly, indicating there is still strong capital support in the periphery, FOMO trading will last longer.

Summary of the Propagation Pricing Model Too Long to Read

Although this formula may not be precise, it reveals an eternal market principle:

For any event, the farther the propagation distance, the higher the audience's comprehension cost; the farther the propagation distance, the lower the price the audience is willing to accept.

Events that are scarce, non-replicable, and targeted at specific audiences experience slower narrative price decline, while events that are easy to replicate and have complex information rapidly depreciate during propagation.

For a sickle, the red shaded area is the optimal "reaping zone."

The intersection of the Cognitive Cost Curve and the Narrative Price Curve signifies the death of the narrative.

Real-World Attention - Maximizing the Common Denominator of Propagation Pricing

We are constantly paying for information:

Supermarket sales, Black Friday discounts

FOMO into meme coins, real estate speculation

Political movements, even wars

Some costs are monetary, some are lives.

This is not a "Degen vs. Normie" or "Ponzi vs. Halal" issue, but rather the foundational logic of the human attention economy.

So, how can we build a high narrative-priced propagation model? What is the greatest common denominator?

This leads to the concept I have developed—Real World Attention (RWA).

RWA Definition:

The most valuable narrative is undoubtedly one that, outside of the core high-frequency users in the crypto space, can also attract attention events with the potential for "viral dissemination" that appeals to those with the global average intelligence.

It can both ensure the widest audience and cover a population with high transaction value.

If you don't believe it, you can ignore the answer and try to answer the following question

1. Why do "Presidential Coins" and "Celebrity Coins" always have a market, regardless of market conditions?

These events face a globally predictable cognitive group, and the revealed-speculation angle is unacceptable, thus forming a positive chain of suspicion.

Presidential Coin: Especially for a president of a large country, the cognitive group covered is the widest, so no matter how much it is cut, there will always be people rushing in

2. Why do many non-American artists' coin launches perform poorly?

Audience issue: The audience for North American artists is often active on crypto platforms (such as Twitter), and their information can be directly or indirectly conveyed to the crypto community; the audience value of non-American artists is lower.

The audience that comes from the origin of the spread has a high cognitive cost, so the pricing naturally tends to be lower

3. Why do event-based tokens perform better than Celebrity Coins even with the same celebrity participation? (e.g., $MAGA, $PNUT, $Jailstool, $Vine, etc.)

There are three reasons:

· Dramatic Tension: The event itself is more attractive, able to cross the crypto community to attract all bystanders, increasing the event's match with different audiences.

· Dissemination Audience vs. Fan Base: The dissemination audience is a dynamic process, comprising those who are activated by the event and react; whereas a celebrity's fans are a static, fixed value.

Celebrities launching coins can only activate a small portion within a fixed group, while an event can activate a more extensive group, expanding the reach of dissemination.

· Rarity: Events come with inherent scarcity. For example, although Liu Xiaoqing and Mao Amin are homogenized, Mao Amin evaded taxes, while Liu Xiaoqing found a young boyfriend when she was in her 60s—these types of events are both rare and eye-catching.

4. Why is it difficult to achieve mainstream adoption for many complex AI, DeFi narratives, and intricate Ponzi schemes?

The cognitive cost is too high (β is too large).

In the secondary market, the shared cognitive scope is too small, pricing is low, making it difficult to form a positive suspicion chain. It is even challenging to initiate effective dissemination. How could there be FOMO?

5. Why does the launch of a new coin by a large-cap Dev and the entry of a large influencer cause FOMO in meme coins?

For the audience of memecoins, this is a natural positive suspicion chain zero-sum game scenario.

If you don't get on board, you'll never get on board.

Data and monitoring tools transmit information in real time, requiring no additional cognitive cost for memecoin audiences.

The only issue is that once it spreads to the outer circle, the outer circle audience may perceive themselves on the periphery and choose not to enter.

6. Why do pure genuine and tech narrative VC coins have such a bleak secondary market?

Same as 4.

In a sense, Real World Attention (RWA) is more valuable than Real World Asset because forming consensus based on attention is much easier than forming consensus on assets.

An American may hardly recognize the asset value of a rural hut in Thailand's Sakon Nakhon province; however, if a local teenager's TikTok video becomes a meme, the American may resonate similarly.

Insights for Market and Shillers

The era of imagining that a narrative, tokenomics, or system alone can trigger a breakout is over. Projects that cannot be spread and market-priced acknowledgment can hardly expect a possibility of "going viral" or "going mainstream."

Without being able to be spread and market-priced acknowledgment, any project fundamentally cannot expect a chance to "go viral" or "go mainstream."

Even battle-hardened guerrilla marketing teams, if they have "no angle," will find it difficult to succeed in promotion.

Conversely, an ordinary project that can trigger real-world attention may inexplicably go viral.

When launching, this is how you need to plan the dissemination:

· Define Boundaries: If the project's core system is difficult to fit into the dissemination model, a dedicated part for dissemination needs to be carved out to ensure it does not affect the core system.

· Customization: Using assets such as memes or NFTs that can quickly rise in value and do not allow time for discussion as a vehicle; or using an incremental pricing mutual aid mechanism (such as VDS, Taishan Crowdfunding, Fomo3D).

· Choosing an Angle: Following the RWA logic, select a narrative with low information complexity that covers a broad audience.

· Creating Events: Creating events with dramatic tension as a means of dissemination, designing the onboarding process as a real-world attention event (e.g., "Eighty-Year-Old Lady Accidentally Wins Millions" or "TST dev Address Joins Pool for Collaborative Market Making, Dominating the BSC Community").

Let's take @ethsign as an example:

The narrative of EthSign itself is a type that is very difficult to promote: a B2B/B2G application:

- Token Table Token Distribution Platform

- Crypto version of Docusign

- Digital Identity

From the perspective of retail investors, especially young retail investors, the entire project is filled with one word: boring.

A clever point from @realyanxin is that, from a design perspective, a "Orange Dynasty" (sounding like a Northeastern bathhouse) targeting the C-end theme was directly carved out.

To create a positive chain of speculative spread, Sign chose to leverage an NFT airdrop and pre-airdrop events as vehicles. The airdrop also opted for an absolutely opaque mechanism that cannot be farmed, minimizing the possibility of discussion as much as possible.

Through a $16M funding announcement, Binance Labs investment, onboarding a large number of KOLs with orange glasses and adding viral elements to promote community cult activities, the entire project transmitted information to the C-end in the form of a meme, maximizing the match with the cryptocurrency community, reducing cognitive costs.

The cryptocurrency community, mainly composed of major KOLs, is a higher-than-average transaction value group.

This is already the optimal solution that a non-C-end project of this type can choose. Even with so much design effort, Sign still needs to invest a significant amount of manpower to conduct high-intensity community activities and education, artificially increase audience matching, reduce peripheral audience cognitive costs, and maximize dissemination distance. Fortunately, the Sign team has a group of event marketing talents, and in execution, they can truly capture attention.

And if you are a traditional CX project

Your event's core communicator is the Community Manager. While a typical crypto project might need an excellent agency to cover KOLs, it could be done in a two-day call,

However, a CX Community Manager, regardless of how close the relationship is, usually needs to meet in person, give a lecture, treat to a meal before starting promotion and attracting investments. Even for those with the highest level of insider recognition (high beta), the cost is significant. And when the Community Manager spreads the message to their own network, the process repeats.

In a world where young people no longer value the "inner circle" or "current state," the cost of spreading the message to the outer circle will be even higher. This means investing more in educational resources, implying that the cost of spreading the project from the beginning has increased, creating a vicious cycle of communication.

So, what you need to do is:

Reduce the complexity of the model and narrative to be explained within three sentences: What is it? How does it work? How is risk managed?

Design a zero-sum scenario that does not need explaining to create FOMO. This scenario is mainly used for communication and can be an independent complete product or part of a larger design to attract investments.

Structure the investment as a real-world attention event. For example, "An octogenarian lady is pulled into playing the game by her grandson, unexpectedly winning a jackpot of millions. The grandson is envious and takes his case to court with his grandmother." "TST dev address joins the liquidity pool to dominate the BSC community."

If you are a pure meme dev or meme infrastructure,

Here, meme refers to any low-liquidity asset type launched on-chain without permission, with chip distribution without mechanism bias, and artificial intervention in price discovery.

And Dev or infrastructure refers to the originator associated with the launch of such asset categories.

According to the communication pricing model and positive suspicion chain, only three types of resources are truly useful:

1. On-chain Liquidity Provider: Knows how to control the pace and achieve high liquidity with quick pool access.

2. Network Promoter: Such as Connor Gaydos of Enron Coin, Abbey Desmond who turned Gatwick Airport into Luton Airport, or the orchestrators of China's events related to "Guo Meimei" and "Feng Jie" — these individuals can truly stir real-world attention.

3. Precision Trading KOLs and Mass Coverage Public Media/KOLs: They can activate broad market consensus.

In the cryptocurrency world, the traditional "fundamental narrative" is basically irrelevant—the propagation of the narrative is not driven by them but merely sold as a story to exchanges, market makers, and industry influencers.

Final Thoughts

I have come to realize that any model I put out there will become a doctrine, leading to an increase in the industry's barrier to entry. However, I am truly fed up with large groups coming up with a narrative out of the blue and then seeking my advice (compliments) for their projects. Another purpose of this article is to hope that project teams can thoroughly understand it before scheduling a call with me.

If you are not a project team but instead are striving to become a KOL wannabe building your personal IP, persist and continue to stir things up, attracting attention. This is actually the main point I acknowledged about @EnHeng456 and @Elizabethofyou back then: they are really good at stirring things up to attract attention. This is a very rare ability. Practice more, and you too can create your own "Enron."

Ode to those of high status, would you choose to have offspring instead!

Original Article Link

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China's Central Bank and Eight Other Departments' Latest Regulatory Focus: Key Attention to RWA Tokenized Asset Risk


Foreword: Today, the People's Bank of China's website published the "Notice of the People's Bank of China, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration for Market Regulation, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Preventing and Dealing with Risks Related to Virtual Currency and Others (Yinfa [2026] No. 42)", the latest regulatory requirements from the eight departments including the central bank, which are basically consistent with the regulatory requirements of recent years. The main focus of the regulation is on speculative activities such as virtual currency trading, exchanges, ICOs, overseas platform services, and this time, regulatory oversight of RWA has been added, explicitly prohibiting RWA tokenization, stablecoins (especially those pegged to the RMB). The following is the full text:


To the people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:


  Recently, there have been speculative activities related to virtual currency and Real-World Assets (RWA) tokenization, disrupting the economic and financial order and jeopardizing the property security of the people. In order to further prevent and address the risks related to virtual currency and Real-World Assets tokenization, effectively safeguard national security and social stability, in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks," "Securities Law of the People's Republic of China," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Securities Investment Funds," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Futures and Derivatives," "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China," "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Renminbi," "Regulations on Prevention and Disposal of Illegal Fundraising," "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration," "Telecommunications Regulations of the People's Republic of China," and other provisions, after reaching consensus with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and with the approval of the State Council, the relevant matters are notified as follows:


  I. Clarify the essential attributes of virtual currency, Real-World Assets tokenization, and related business activities


  (I) Virtual currency does not possess the legal status equivalent to fiat currency. Virtual currencies such as Bitcoin, Ether, Tether, etc., have the main characteristics of being issued by non-monetary authorities, using encryption technology and distributed ledger or similar technology, existing in digital form, etc. They do not have legal tender status, should not and cannot be circulated and used as currency in the market.


  The business activities related to virtual currency are classified as illegal financial activities. The exchange of fiat currency and virtual currency within the territory, exchange of virtual currencies, acting as a central counterparty in buying and selling virtual currencies, providing information intermediary and pricing services for virtual currency transactions, token issuance financing, and trading of virtual currency-related financial products, etc., fall under illegal financial activities, such as suspected illegal issuance of token vouchers, unauthorized public issuance of securities, illegal operation of securities and futures business, illegal fundraising, etc., are strictly prohibited across the board and resolutely banned in accordance with the law. Overseas entities and individuals are not allowed to provide virtual currency-related services to domestic entities in any form.


  A stablecoin pegged to a fiat currency indirectly fulfills some functions of the fiat currency in circulation. Without the consent of relevant authorities in accordance with the law and regulations, any domestic or foreign entity or individual is not allowed to issue a RMB-pegged stablecoin overseas.


(II)Tokenization of Real-World Assets refers to the use of encryption technology and distributed ledger or similar technologies to transform ownership rights, income rights, etc., of assets into tokens (tokens) or other interests or bond certificates with token (token) characteristics, and carry out issuance and trading activities.


  Engaging in the tokenization of real-world assets domestically, as well as providing related intermediary, information technology services, etc., which are suspected of illegal issuance of token vouchers, unauthorized public offering of securities, illegal operation of securities and futures business, illegal fundraising, and other illegal financial activities, shall be prohibited; except for relevant business activities carried out with the approval of the competent authorities in accordance with the law and regulations and relying on specific financial infrastructures. Overseas entities and individuals are not allowed to illegally provide services related to the tokenization of real-world assets to domestic entities in any form.


  II. Sound Work Mechanism


  (III) Inter-agency Coordination. The People's Bank of China, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other departments, will improve the work mechanism, strengthen coordination with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, coordinate efforts, and overall guide regions to carry out risk prevention and disposal of virtual currency-related illegal financial activities.


  The China Securities Regulatory Commission, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other departments, will improve the work mechanism, strengthen coordination with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, coordinate efforts, and overall guide regions to carry out risk prevention and disposal of illegal financial activities related to the tokenization of real-world assets.


  (IV) Strengthening Local Implementation. The people's governments at the provincial level are overall responsible for the prevention and disposal of risks related to virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets in their respective administrative regions. The specific leading department is the local financial regulatory department, with participation from branches and dispatched institutions of the State Council's financial regulatory department, telecommunications regulators, public security, market supervision, and other departments, in coordination with cyberspace departments, courts, and procuratorates, to improve the normalization of the work mechanism, effectively connect with the relevant work mechanisms of central departments, form a cooperative and coordinated working pattern between central and local governments, effectively prevent and properly handle risks related to virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets, and maintain economic and financial order and social stability.


  III. Strengthened Risk Monitoring, Prevention, and Disposal


  (5) Enhanced Risk Monitoring. The People's Bank of China, China Securities Regulatory Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration of Foreign Exchange, Cyberspace Administration of China, and other departments continue to improve monitoring techniques and system support, enhance cross-departmental data analysis and sharing, establish sound information sharing and cross-validation mechanisms, promptly grasp the risk situation of activities related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization. Local governments at all levels give full play to the role of local monitoring and early warning mechanisms. Local financial regulatory authorities, together with branches and agencies of the State Council's financial regulatory authorities, as well as departments of cyberspace and public security, ensure effective connection between online monitoring, offline investigation, and fund tracking, efficiently and accurately identify activities related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization, promptly share risk information, improve early warning information dissemination, verification, and rapid response mechanisms.


  (6) Strengthened Oversight of Financial Institutions, Intermediaries, and Technology Service Providers. Financial institutions (including non-bank payment institutions) are prohibited from providing account opening, fund transfer, and clearing services for virtual currency-related business activities, issuing and selling financial products related to virtual currency, including virtual currency and related financial products in the scope of collateral, conducting insurance business related to virtual currency, or including virtual currency in the scope of insurance liability. Financial institutions (including non-bank payment institutions) are prohibited from providing custody, clearing, and settlement services for unauthorized real-world asset tokenization-related business and related financial products. Relevant intermediary institutions and information technology service providers are prohibited from providing intermediary, technical, or other services for unauthorized real-world asset tokenization-related businesses and related financial products.


  (7) Enhanced Management of Internet Information Content and Access. Internet enterprises are prohibited from providing online business venues, commercial displays, marketing, advertising, or paid traffic diversion services for virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization-related business activities. Upon discovering clues of illegal activities, they should promptly report to relevant departments and provide technical support and assistance for related investigations and inquiries. Based on the clues transferred by the financial regulatory authorities, the cyberspace administration, telecommunications authorities, and public security departments should promptly close and deal with websites, mobile applications (including mini-programs), and public accounts engaged in virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization-related business activities in accordance with the law.


  (8) Strengthened Entity Registration and Advertisement Management. Market supervision departments strengthen entity registration and management, and enterprise and individual business registrations must not contain terms such as "virtual currency," "virtual asset," "cryptocurrency," "crypto asset," "stablecoin," "real-world asset tokenization," or "RWA" in their names or business scopes. Market supervision departments, together with financial regulatory authorities, legally enhance the supervision of advertisements related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization, promptly investigating and handling relevant illegal advertisements.


  (IX) Continued Rectification of Virtual Currency Mining Activities. The National Development and Reform Commission, together with relevant departments, strictly controls virtual currency mining activities, continuously promotes the rectification of virtual currency mining activities. The people's governments of various provinces take overall responsibility for the rectification of "mining" within their respective administrative regions. In accordance with the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments in the "Notice on the Rectification of Virtual Currency Mining Activities" (NDRC Energy-saving Building [2021] No. 1283) and the provisions of the "Guidance Catalog for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2024 Edition)," a comprehensive review, investigation, and closure of existing virtual currency mining projects are conducted, new mining projects are strictly prohibited, and mining machine production enterprises are strictly prohibited from providing mining machine sales and other services within the country.


  (X) Severe Crackdown on Related Illegal Financial Activities. Upon discovering clues to illegal financial activities related to virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets, local financial regulatory authorities, branches of the State Council's financial regulatory authorities, and other relevant departments promptly investigate, determine, and properly handle the issues in accordance with the law, and seriously hold the relevant entities and individuals legally responsible. Those suspected of crimes are transferred to the judicial authorities for processing according to the law.


 (XI) Severe Crackdown on Related Illegal and Criminal Activities. The Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, as well as judicial and procuratorial organs, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, rigorously crack down on illegal and criminal activities related to virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, such as fraud, money laundering, illegal business operations, pyramid schemes, illegal fundraising, and other illegal and criminal activities carried out under the guise of virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, etc.


  (XII) Strengthen Industry Self-discipline. Relevant industry associations should enhance membership management and policy advocacy, based on their own responsibilities, advocate and urge member units to resist illegal financial activities related to virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets. Member units that violate regulatory policies and industry self-discipline rules are to be disciplined in accordance with relevant self-regulatory management regulations. By leveraging various industry infrastructure, conduct risk monitoring related to virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, and promptly transfer issue clues to relevant departments.


  IV. Strict Supervision of Domestic Entities Engaging in Overseas Business Activities


(XIII) Without the approval of relevant departments in accordance with the law and regulations, domestic entities and foreign entities controlled by them may not issue virtual currency overseas.


  (XIV) Domestic entities engaging directly or indirectly in overseas external debt-based tokenization of real-world assets, or conducting asset securitization activities abroad based on domestic ownership rights, income rights, etc. (hereinafter referred to as domestic equity), should be strictly regulated in accordance with the principles of "same business, same risk, same rules." The National Development and Reform Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other relevant departments regulate it according to their respective responsibilities. For other forms of overseas real-world asset tokenization activities based on domestic equity by domestic entities, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, together with relevant departments, supervise according to their division of responsibilities. Without the consent and filing of relevant departments, no unit or individual may engage in the above-mentioned business.


  (15) Overseas subsidiaries and branches of domestic financial institutions providing Real World Asset Tokenization-related services overseas shall do so legally and prudently. They shall have professional personnel and systems in place to effectively mitigate business risks, strictly implement customer onboarding, suitability management, anti-money laundering requirements, and incorporate them into the domestic financial institutions' compliance and risk management system. Intermediaries and information technology service providers offering Real World Asset Tokenization services abroad based on domestic equity or conducting Real World Asset Tokenization business in the form of overseas debt for domestic entities directly or indirectly venturing abroad must strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations. They should establish and improve relevant compliance and internal control systems in accordance with relevant normative requirements, strengthen business and risk control, and report the business developments to the relevant regulatory authorities for approval or filing.


  V. Strengthen Organizational Implementation


  (16) Strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination. All departments and regions should attach great importance to the prevention of risks related to virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization, strengthen organizational leadership, clarify work responsibilities, form a long-term effective working mechanism with centralized coordination, local implementation, and shared responsibilities, maintain high pressure, dynamically monitor risks, effectively prevent and mitigate risks in an orderly and efficient manner, legally protect the property security of the people, and make every effort to maintain economic and financial order and social stability.


  (17) Widely carry out publicity and education. All departments, regions, and industry associations should make full use of various media and other communication channels to disseminate information through legal and policy interpretation, analysis of typical cases, and education on investment risks, etc. They should promote the illegality and harm of virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization-related businesses and their manifestations, fully alert to potential risks and hidden dangers, and enhance public awareness and identification capabilities for risk prevention.


  VI. Legal Responsibility


  (18) Engaging in illegal financial activities related to virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization in violation of this notice, as well as providing services for virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization-related businesses, shall be punished in accordance with relevant regulations. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law. For domestic entities and individuals who knowingly or should have known that overseas entities illegally provided virtual currency or Real World Asset Tokenization-related services to domestic entities and still assisted them, relevant responsibilities shall be pursued according to the law. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law.


  (19) If any unit or individual invests in virtual currencies, Real World Asset Tokens, and related financial products against public order and good customs, the relevant civil legal actions shall be invalid, and any resulting losses shall be borne by them. If there are suspicions of disrupting financial order and jeopardizing financial security, the relevant departments shall deal with them according to the law.


  This notice shall enter into force upon the date of its issuance. The People's Bank of China and ten other departments' "Notice on Further Preventing and Dealing with the Risks of Virtual Currency Trading Speculation" (Yinfa [2021] No. 237) is hereby repealed.


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