Report: AI Agent has completed over 73 million dollars in on-chain payments, with USDC as the default settlement asset

The crypto market maker Keyrock, in collaboration with Coinbase, Tempo, and Virtuals Protocol, released the report "Who Pays the Agent?" which states that AI Agents are rapidly becoming important participants in the on-chain economy. Data shows that from May 2025 to April 2026, AI Agents have completed approximately 176 million on-chain transactions, with a total settlement amount exceeding $73 million. The report points out that the average payment amount per transaction for AI Agents is only between $0.31 and $0.48, indicating that a machine-native micropayment economy is forming. About 76% of the transaction amounts are below the Visa fixed fee threshold of $0.30, making it difficult for traditional bank cards and banking payment systems to adapt to the high-frequency, small, autonomous payment needs of AI.

Data shows that 98.6% of AI Agent payments are settled in USDC. As of Q1 2026, more than 104,000 AI Agents have completed registration. The report states that on the Base network, the cost of a USDC transfer is about $0.0001, accounting for approximately 0.03% of the $0.31 transaction amount, which presents a significant cost advantage compared to traditional payment systems. The report believes that stablecoins are gradually becoming the "default currency infrastructure" for economic activities between AI and machines. However, Keyrock also warns that the current AI payment ecosystem's high dependence on USDC poses a centralization risk, meaning that the entire emerging AI payment system largely relies on the regulation and infrastructure stability of a single stablecoin issuer.

In addition, several technology and payment companies have begun to lay out AI Agent payment infrastructure, including the x402 protocol launched by Coinbase, the Machine Payments Protocol (MPP) launched by Stripe and Tempo, Google's AP2 delegated payment system, and Visa's expanded tokenized payment voucher service. The report also points out that the current regulatory frameworks, including the European MiCA Act, the U.S. GENIUS Act, and the EU AI Act, still lack comprehensive regulatory standards for autonomous financial transactions and payment behaviors between machines.